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All cells use oxygen from the air we breathe and substances from the food we eat to produce energy.
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įor example, the blood, muscle, and all cells have certain features in common. The cells differ according to the function, which they do. In the human body there are approximately 100 trillion cells. Cells are held together by special, intercellular material. These are tiny structures seen only through the microscope. Levels of Organization chemicals cells tissues organs systems TISSUES: (epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous) ORGANS: (contain several types of tissues) SYSTEMS: (accomplish a complete function)Įvery living organism is made up of units called cells. As a general rule the most highly specialized cells are the least able to withstand damage and also are the most difficult to repair or replace. Some cells, such as those in the nervous system and muscle, are very specialized indeed others, such as those in the connective tissues, are less highly developed. The cells are adapted to perform the special functions of the organ or tissue they are in. The cell is the unit or the smallest element of the body of which all parts are comprised. The body is made up of many tissues and organs, each having its own particular function to perform.
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It is closely linked with the study of all living things in the subject of biology as well as this three is the work of cytologist, interested in detail of the structure of cells, and that of the biochemist, dealing with the chemical changes and activities of cells and investigating the complex chemistry of life, and there is physics, the study of the physical reactions and movements taking place in the body. PHYSIOLOGY is the study of the functions of the normal human body. Closely allied to the study of anatomy are histology, the study of the fine structures of the body, and cytology, the study of the cells. Then again it was found that certain structures could be examined by the naked eye and the term macroscopic anatomy was introduced to describe this study, in distinction to microscopic anatomy, which necessitates the use of a microscope. A study of the position and relationship of one part of the body could not be separated from a consideration of the use of the terms functional anatomy, which is closely allied to the study of physiology. These have been grouped together and described under the heading systematic anatomy. From this study it follows that a number of different systems exist. In regional anatomy a geographical study is made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head, chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of structures common to all regions such as bones, muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on. INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the body and of the relationship of its constituent parts to each other. DEFINITION OF ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy = study of structures by dissection, imaging, and microscopy macro - gross & systemic, embryology & development micro - cytology, histology Physiology = study of functions by chemical and physical means: cells, organs, systems